The principle of converting solar energy into various energies is: light energy excites electrons to produce electrical energy; the movement of electrons forms electric current, thereby converting light energy into electrical energy.
The process of converting solar energy into electrical energy is called photovoltaic power generation. The principle of photovoltaic power generation is to use photons in sunlight to excite electrons in photovoltaic cells to generate current. A photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor device usually composed of multiple silicon wafers.
A silicon wafer contains two materials, phosphorus-doped silicon and boron-doped silicon, which have different electronic structures. When sunlight hits a silicon wafer, photons hit electrons in the silicon wafer, exciting them from their atoms and forming electron-hole pairs in the wafer. Silicon doped with phosphorus is an n-type semiconductor, and silicon doped with boron is a p-type semiconductor. When the two are connected, an electric field is formed, and the electric field causes the electrons to move and form a current.
Post time: Mar-06-2024